The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future. It can also state that something will happen before a specific time in the future.
Examples:
By next June, I will have passed my bac exam.
Students willhave finished this test before it rings.
Will she have learned enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to Beijing?
In three years, oil prices will have gone higher.
How many countries will you have visited by the time you turn 50?
Future Perfect Progressive
Future Perfect Progressive empasizes the duration of an activity that wil be in progress before another time or event in the future.
Form:[will have +verb+ing]
By a few years time,The new AR games will have allowed us to enter a new,fully three-dimentional and photorealistic world for hours.
She will have been thanking her by now for her urgent help.
I am sure he will have been telling his father about your insane mistakes for the moment.
she will have been hiding the money box under her bed by the time she leaves her house.
TOP services for lingual therapy will have shortly been opening their new Laboratory and Office facility for 8 hours a day by March 15th.
The passive forms of a verb are created by combining a form of the « to be verb » with the past
participle of the main verb. Other helping verbs are also sometimes present: « The measure could have been killed in committee. » The passive can be used, also, in various tenses. Let’s take a
look at the passive forms of « design. »
Tense
Subject
Auxiliary
Past
Participle
Singular
Plural
Present
The car/cars
is
are
designed.
Present perfect
The car/cars
has been
have been
designed.
Past
The car/cars
was
were
designed.
Past perfect
The car/cars
had been
had been
designed.
Future
The car/cars
will be
will be
designed.
Future perfect
The car/cars
will have been
will have been
designed.
Present progressive
The car/cars
is being
are being
designed.
Past progressive
The car/cars
was being
were being
designed.
Forme
INFINITIF
infinitif actif
to clean (nettoyer)
infinitif passif
to be cleaned (être nettoyé)
passé de l’infinitif
to have cleaned (avoir nettoyé)
passé de l’infinitif passif
to have been cleaned (avoir été nettoyé)
Simple
Continu
présent
is cleaned
is being cleaned
prétérit
was cleaned
was being cleaned
futur
will be cleaned
will be being cleaned
Present Perfect
has been cleaned
Ne s’emploie pas
Past Perfect
had been cleaned
EXEMPLES
Actif
Passif
A sees B
B is seen by A
A is seeing B
B is being seen by A
A saw B
B was seen by A
A was seeing B
B was being seen by A
A has seen B
B has been seen by A
A will see B
B will be seen by A
Emploi :
En général, on emploie la forme passive lorsqu’on ne s’intéresse pas à, ou ne connaît pas, l’agent:
On ne connaît pas l’agent, Ex. My car has been stolen. On a volé ma voiture; je ne sais pas qui l’a fait. J’aurais pu dire ‘Somebody has stolen my car’ (voix active).
On ne s’intéresse pas tellement à l’agent mais plutôt à l’action ou au résultat de l’action, Ex. A new office block is being built in the city centre. Tout ce qui m’intéresse est qu’un nouvel immeuble est en train d’être construit; je ne m’intéresse pas à quelle société effectue les travaux.
On s’intéresse plutôt à l’action (ou au résultat de l’action) qu’à l’agent, Ex. A new cancer treatment has been discovered by scientists in Sweden. Ce qui est intéressant est la découverte d’un nouveau traitement pour le cancer; le fait que cela ait été fait en Suède est moins important pour celui qui en parle.
L’agent est trop évident pour qu’on se donne la peine de le mentionner, Ex. The suspect was questioned before being released. Il est évident que c’est la police qui a interrogé le suspect avant de le relâcher; tout le monde comprend sans qu’on le dise.
Le passif est employé pour traduire des phrases du français qui:
sont à la voix passive aussi;
ont un verbe pronominal, Ex. Cela ne se fait pas — That just isn’t done;
sont du genre « on… », Ex. On m’a invité à une fête — I’ve been invited to a party.
Exemples
Voici quelques exemples:
Présent simple: Ex. Football is played in most countries — le football est joué dans la plupart des pays.
Présent continu: Ex. My car is being repaired — ma voiture est en train d’être réparée.
Prétérit simple: Ex. The eclipse was seen only in the northern hemisphere — l’éclipse a été vue seulement dans l’hémisphère nord.
Prétérit continu: Ex. My hair was being cut when the accident happened — j’étais en train de me faire couper les cheveux lorsque l’accident s’est produit.
Present Perfect simple: Ex. The fugitive has been arrested — on a arrêté le fugitif.
Futur: Ex. A new version of Linux will be released soon — une nouvelle version de Linux sera bientôt commercialisée.
Infinitif: Ex. Computer discs should be defragmented regularly — les disques durs devraient être défragmentés régulièrement.
Passé de l’infinitif: Ex. My car must have been stolen; it’s no longer where I left it — ma voiture a dû être volée; elle n’est plus là où je l’ai laissée.
Gérondif: Ex. Most people like receiving presents — la plupart des gens aiment recevoir des cadeaux.
Gérondif passé: Ex. We were angry at having been deceived — nous étions en colère parce qu’on nous avait trompés.
Exercices :
a. Turn these sentences into the passive.
My uncle manages a huge firm.
My children like toys very much.
My little sister sometimes asks stupid questions.
Those people are talking about politics.
They are writing the test exercises at the present time.
Kamal is carrying a heavy box.
I have sent a parcel to the USA.
Jalil has received two letters.
Willy has bought a limousine.
b. Turn these sentences into the passive.
Ziryab composed some beautiful love songs.
Hind lost her family in a road accident.
The customer ordered a green salad and a cheese sandwich.
I was cleaning my room when the light went out.
My wife was making a pizza when I arrived home.
The teacher was explaining the irregular verbs to the students.
She had taken all my books.
I replied the teacher’s question politely.
Pablo Picasso had painted Guernica in 1937.
c. Turn these sentences into the passive.
Jalil and Jamal will finish the job tomorrow.
The dog will eat the bone.
They will move before June.
He will have begun the job by next week.
Man will have set colonies in the moon by the year 2050.
I will have completed his high studies by the end of next year.
They are going to have some Chinese food for dinner.
Jalil is going to offer me a watch for my coming birthday.
She is going to invite her friends for lunch next weekend.
d. Turn these sentences into the passive.
Jalil can speak two foreign languages.
The firm may give a high rise to the workers.
The lazy students might get weak marks in the test.
Jamal should learn the irregular verbs.
Drivers ought to respect the traffic law.
Obese people had better practise sport everyday.
Moroccan people must apply for visas to travel to the UK.
The prisoners have to clean their cells every weekend.
e. Turn these sentences into the passive.
My little brother should have broken the vase.
He should have got a bad mark in the French test.
Students ought to have learned the irregular verbs by heart.
The bank may have received my fax.
The boss may have offered Jamal a new duty in the company.
She might have done the homework correctly.
They might have had dinner in a Chinese diner.
The ministers of foreign affairs might have talked about the world economic crisis.
Pour tester si vous avez bien compris, essayez ces deux exercices: exercice 1, exercice 2